Foreign Currency
Indian Currency is the Indian Rupee (Re/Rs). Since you are not allowed to bring in Indian currency, your best option is the airport bank. Indian Rupee notes are printed in denominations of Rs 1000, 500, 100, 50, 20, and 10. The Rupee is divided into 100 Paise. You will see only 1, 2, 5 Rs coins, though coins below 50 paisa are rarely seen.
You should keep small denominations notes for the small payments like tips, bus tickets, and meals. When going to a remote area or small town where encashing of travellers cheque will be difficult you can take 1000 Rs and 500 Rs notes, but you should be careful when using them and should not be confused with 100 Rs.
Travelers cheques
Traveller's Cheques issued by reputable companies (eg Thomas Cook, American Express) are accepted without difficulty. Traveler's Cheques exchanged in banks or hotels, and can only very rarely be used directly for Payment. You need identification documents like a passport to be shown. Except in hotels, encashing Traveler's Cheques nearly always takes up to 30 minutes or longer, So it is worth taking larger denomination Traveler's Cheques and changing enough to last for some days. Banks accept both Dollar and sterling. Other major currency Traveler's Cheques are also accepted in some larger cities. If you are traveling to remote areas it is advised that you buy Indian Rupee Traveler's Cheques from a major bank, as these are more widely accepted than foreign currency ones.
Cost of travelling
Cost of travelling depends how you spend money, your budget and the comfort level you are looking for. We divide in three categories:
10-12 USD : The cheapest, you stay in dormitories or in cheap hotel, travel by ordinary bus, eat regular Indian food like dhal (curried lentils), roti and rice.
30-40 USD (Budget Travel) : Most of the travellers comes in this category. You travel in luxury bus, take auto rickshaws for local transport, stay in reasonable hotel (sometime even in AC rooms, and off beaten heritage hotels), good food.
70-75 USD : You stay in AC rooms, travel in taxi, travel by AC coaches, eat at good restaurants.